3 verified publications on file. Each one was read back from PubMed before it was listed, and each states the experimental model it used.
The BPC-157 literature is almost entirely preclinical: rodent injury models and cultured tendon fibroblasts. The 2025 HSS Journal systematic review is the clearest single statement of how thin the human evidence base is - of 36 studies published between 1993 and 2024, 35 were preclinical and 1 was clinical.
Regulatory status: Not an FDA-approved drug. The FDA placed BPC-157 in Category 2 of its 503A bulk-substances list in 2023, and in April 2026 removed it from that list pending an advisory-committee review. Removal is not approval — as of 2026 it remains not approved for human use.
Vasireddi N, Hahamyan H, Salata MJ, Karns M, Calcei JG, Voos JE, Apostolakos JM
ModelSystematic review of 36 studies published 1993-2024
35 preclinical studies, 1 clinical study. The single most useful citation for judging how much human evidence exists.
Chang CH, Tsai WC, Lin MS, Hsu YH, Pang JH
ModelRat Achilles tendon explants and cultured tendon fibroblasts (ex vivo and in vitro)
Reports outgrowth, survival under H2O2 stress, and migration; proposes an FAK-paxillin mechanism.
Cerovecki T, Bojanic I, Brcic L, Radic B, Vukoja I, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P
ModelRat medial collateral ligament transection, followed 90 days
Citations are transcribed from the publisher record on PubMed and re-checked when a compound page is updated. Found an error or a study we should add? Tell us — corrections are published, not quietly patched.