4 verified publications on file. Each one was read back from PubMed before it was listed, and each states the experimental model it used.
The GHK-Cu literature is built on fibroblast cultures and ex-vivo skin, and a large share of it is authored by researchers long associated with the compound. That is worth knowing when reading it - the same habit of checking who ran the test and where it was published is what makes someone good at reading a COA.
Regulatory status: GHK-Cu is not an FDA-approved drug; the copper tripeptide appears among bulk drug substances the FDA flags as possibly presenting significant safety risks (Category 2) for compounding, page content current as of 04/22/2026.
Maquart FX, Pickart L, Laurent M, Gillery P, Monboisse JC, Borel JP
ModelFibroblast cultures
The foundational GHK-Cu collagen paper. Note it studies the copper complex specifically.
Jiang F, Wu Y, Liu Z, Hong M, Huang Y
ModelHuman dermal fibroblasts (qRT-PCR) and an ex-vivo skin model
Cosmetic-science journal; studies GHK-Cu combined with hyaluronic acid rather than alone.
Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A
ModelReview of cellular-pathway and skin-regeneration literature
Pickart L, Margolina A
ModelReview of gene-expression data
Citations are transcribed from the publisher record on PubMed and re-checked when a compound page is updated. Found an error or a study we should add? Tell us — corrections are published, not quietly patched.